Java ISA88-StateMachine

A Java implementation of the state machine standardized in ISA 88. The state machine guarantees that only 'valid' transitions can be executed. Have a look at the following figure which depicts the state machine of ISA 88:

As you can see in the figure, the state machine defines states and transitions that can be fired on certain states. Here are some examples:

• A 'start'-transition only brings the state machine to the 'Starting' state when it is currently in 'Idle' state
• After production of an order has been completed, the state machine will change its current state to 'Complete'. It can only be reset from this state.
• When you fire a 'stop'-transition while being in 'Stopped' state, nothing happens The state machine makes sure that no invalid transitions can be fired.

Documentation

A simple state machine without actions

To use the simplest version of the state machine in your code, you simply obtain an instance from the state machine builder. This state machine will then be in 'Idle' state and you can invoke the transitions shown in the figure above. Note that this state machine cannot execute any actions while being in the active states and that it can just be used to simulate the state machine behavior.

// necessary imports
import statemachine.StateMachine;
import statemachine.StateMachineBuilder;
import states.IStateAction;
import states.State;
import states.impl.*;


// somewhere in you code, you can setup the most simple state machine (initial state will be 'Idle')
stateMachine = new StateMachineBuilder().build();

// you can then invoke the ISA88-transitions on this state machine:
stateMachine.start();
stateMachine.suspend();
stateMachine.stop();
// ...
// see figure for more transitions

You can also create a state machine with a different initial state than 'Idle'. This can be done with the withInitialState(State s)-function of the builder. Simply pass in the state you want to have as the initial state to this function. The following example creates a state machine instance that start in the 'Stopped' state:

stateMachine = new StateMachineBuilder().withInitialState(new StoppedState()).build();

As shown above, you can invoke transitions by calling the corresponing methods (start(), stop(), hold(), ...) on the state machine. Alternatively, you can also use this more dynamic version:

invokeTransition(TransitionName transitionName)

This will invoke a transition with the given TransitionName.

A real state machine that executes actions

The state machine of ISA88 allows for executing actions in all active states. These active states are:

• Starting
• Execute
• Holding
• Unholding
• Suspending
• Unsuspending
• Completing
• Resetting
• Stopping
• Aborting
• Clearing

You can create arbitrary actions and pass them to the state machine to let the state machine execute these actions in the correct states. To implement your own actions, simply implement the interface IStateAction as shown here:

import states.IStateAction;

public class ExampleActionInStarting implements IStateAction {

	@Override
	public void execute() {
		System.out.println("Starting up whatever you are working with");
		// You can do what you want in here...
	}

}

Your actions can be passed in while creating a state machine instance. For example, you could pass in this ExampleStartingAction as the action that is executed while the state machine is in state 'Starting':

stateMachine = new StateMachineBuilder().withActionInStarting(new ExampleActionInStarting()).build();

You may use one or more of the following functions of the StateMachineBuilder:

withActionInStarting(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Starting' state.

withActionInExecute(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Execute' state.

withActionInCompleting(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Completing' state.

withActionInSuspending(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Suspending' state.

withActionInUnsuspending(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Unsuspending' state.

withActionInHolding(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Holding' state.

withActionInUnholding(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Unholding' state.

withActionInAborting(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Aborting' state.

withActionInClearing(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Clearing' state.

withActionInStopping(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Stopping' state.

withActionInResetting(IStateAction action)

Sets action to be the action that is going to be executed when the state machine is in 'Resetting' state.

Alternatively, you can also use the more flexible way of adding actions to states:

withAction(IStateAction action, ActiveStateName stateName)

You can pass in an action and the name of an active state to add this action to a state.

Getting notified on state changes

You can create an observer that is notified whenever the state machine changes its state. To do that, you have to create your observer implementing the IStateChangeOberser interface. This interface's method is called on every state change, you can do whatever you like in this function. Here's an example for such a class:

class ExampleObserver implements IStateChangeObserver {
		
	@Override
	public void onStateChanged(IState newState) {
		System.out.println("State has changed, new State is: " + newState.getClass().getSimpleName());
	}
};

To add a new observer to the state machine simply call stateMachine.addStateChangeObserver(IStateChangeObserver observer) passing in an instance of you observer class. In case an observer should no longer be notified on state changes, simply remove it by calling stateMachine.removeStateChangeObserver(IStateChangeObserver observer).

Usage

With Maven, it's very easy to use this library in your own projects. Releases are published to the Maven Central Repo, snapshot version can be obtained from Sonatype. Furthermore, you could also grab the .jar from the releases on this github repository. Note that the jar is built as an OSGi-bundle and can therefore be used in an OSGi environment.

Releases

Releases can be found on the Maven Central repository. Just add this dependency to your pom.xml:

<dependency>
	<groupId>com.github.aljoshakoecher</groupId>
	<artifactId>isa88-state-machine</artifactId>
	<version>1.2.0</version>
</dependency>

Snapshots

Make sure to add the Sonatype repo to your POM if you want to grab a snapshot version:

<repository>
    <id>oss-sonatype</id>
    <name>oss-sonatype</name>
    <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
</repository>

Building from source

This project is built with Maven. You can simply build this library from source if you have Maven installed. Clone or download this repository and run mvn clean install from the project root.

Disclaimer

Please note that the figure above and all definitions of states and transitions have been taken from the OMAC PackML Implementation Guide for ISA 88.